{"id":4908,"date":"2021-08-21T11:22:50","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T09:22:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/?post_type=portfolio&#038;p=4908"},"modified":"2023-02-13T15:25:06","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T14:25:06","slug":"gas-chromatography-with-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms","status":"publish","type":"portfolio","link":"https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/en\/pruefungen\/gas-chromatography-with-mass-spectrometry-gc-ms\/","title":{"rendered":"Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC\/MS)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419\">\n.avia-section.av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419 .av-parallax .av-parallax-inner{\nbackground-repeat:no-repeat;\nbackground-image:url(https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Intro-1.jpg);\nbackground-position:50% 100%;\nbackground-attachment:scroll;\n}\n.avia-section.av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419 .av-section-color-overlay{\nopacity:0.3;\nbackground-color:#123940;\n}\n#top .avia-section.av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419 .scroll-down-link{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n#top .avia-section.av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419 .scroll-down-link.avia-svg-icon svg:first-child{\nstroke:#ffffff;\nfill:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-1g50o-936f1b9f7836bcdbc74a1cea628b8419 alternate_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  intro avia-full-stretch av-parallax-section avia-bg-style-parallax av-section-color-overlay-active av-minimum-height av-minimum-height-40 av-height-percent  container_wrap fullsize'  data-section-bg-repeat='stretch' data-av_minimum_height_pc='40' data-av_min_height_opt='percent'><div class='av-parallax' data-avia-parallax-ratio='0.3' ><div class='av-parallax-inner alternate_color avia-full-stretch'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay-wrap\"><div class=\"av-section-color-overlay\"><\/div><a href='#next-section' title='' class='scroll-down-link av-custom-scroll-down-color avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='down-open-mini' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-1' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-1' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-1'>Scroll to next section<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-1'>Scroll to next section<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M12.96 12.16q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-6.272 6.144q-0.704 0.704-1.536 0l-6.272-6.144q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.768-0.768 1.6 0l5.44 4.992z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/a><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-0fbd2b24b540e5c55596e312e074b98b\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-0fbd2b24b540e5c55596e312e074b98b{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-0fbd2b24b540e5c55596e312e074b98b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-1  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ksx1o2aa-a3a605c6caf863f8a0f514a00ee8a1a1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ksx1o2aa-a3a605c6caf863f8a0f514a00ee8a1a1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ksx1o2aa-a3a605c6caf863f8a0f514a00ee8a1a1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ksx1o2aa-a3a605c6caf863f8a0f514a00ee8a1a1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ksx1o2aa-a3a605c6caf863f8a0f514a00ee8a1a1 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-2  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry<\/h1><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>(GC\/MS)<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-1f6ls-2086bebd1c99d72deef9786cb38f3f73 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  small-intro avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-10-f0b729fe4f07bf6abca586216defd583\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-10-f0b729fe4f07bf6abca586216defd583{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-10-f0b729fe4f07bf6abca586216defd583 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2wgz3h-c6665649973982b50d8a06bcf785ed7e\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2wgz3h-c6665649973982b50d8a06bcf785ed7e{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2wgz3h-c6665649973982b50d8a06bcf785ed7e .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2wgz3h-c6665649973982b50d8a06bcf785ed7e .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2wgz3h-c6665649973982b50d8a06bcf785ed7e av-special-heading-h2 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-5  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><h2 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Composition of elastomers and detection of ingredients<\/h2><div class='av-subheading av-subheading_below'><p>Significance and Test Procedure<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-8-b84e0d90d6bcfecfa71228bc2e25e79f\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-8-b84e0d90d6bcfecfa71228bc2e25e79f{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-8-b84e0d90d6bcfecfa71228bc2e25e79f av_one_half  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kkxx73rg-4887e18e34d25eb9f5a6c84405a7ba68 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Gas chromatography with coupled mass spectrometry (GC\/MS) allows a deeper insight into the composition of elastomers. It is an analytical method that can be used to characterise almost all materials, whether solid or liquid, on very small sample quantities of a few micrograms without time-consuming sample preparation. It provides information about the type of plastics, the composition of materials, additives or other substances contained in the materials.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-7-61ce5ec1ae6baff865058a1d83f8ea28\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-7-61ce5ec1ae6baff865058a1d83f8ea28{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-7-61ce5ec1ae6baff865058a1d83f8ea28 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kkxx73rg-6-ba432d7cbbf07c92946d59c025468d94 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are different GC-MS methods that are suitable for analysing polymers and other materials. The detection limits are generally very low and lie in the ppm range for all variants of this analytical technique. Therefore, even the smallest sample quantities are sufficient to detect even the finest traces of individual substances. In a sense, the use of GC\/MS begins where IR analysis ends.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-klm050jf-e6e5a3ef0f1a99a6bd014cad9a5038fe main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  img-text-section no-padding-top avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796-row {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n.flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796{\nbox-shadow: 0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4);\n}\n.flex_column.av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796{\nbox-shadow: 0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4);\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0 0 0 0;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1qtfk-a10a61e112ec8a4e5f549a4569ac9796 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-11  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first no_margin flex_column_div shadow-not-animated av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-12pj4-ef8682537a6c1a5612ef2493bf04b24f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-12pj4-ef8682537a6c1a5612ef2493bf04b24f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-12pj4-ef8682537a6c1a5612ef2493bf04b24f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-12pj4-ef8682537a6c1a5612ef2493bf04b24f av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-12  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-4161 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-4161 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1.jpg\" alt='' title='Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pr\u00fcfung-1'  height=\"840\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1-1030x721.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Pyrolyse-GC-MS_Pruefung-1-705x494.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1qtfk-2-471d53b8e5381ba2e5458d49effedc92\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-1qtfk-2-471d53b8e5381ba2e5458d49effedc92-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n.flex_column.av-1qtfk-2-471d53b8e5381ba2e5458d49effedc92{\nbox-shadow: 0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4);\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:60px 60px 60px 60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1qtfk-2-471d53b8e5381ba2e5458d49effedc92 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-13  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  no_margin flex_column_div shadow-not-animated  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-kkxx73rg-4-8a7d465a57a110e07c7e9bc3aa95ba81 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>Significance of Pyrolysis GC-MS for Application Technology<\/h4>\n<p>GC\/MS is primarily used for failure analysis of elastomer and other polymer products. It can be used, for example, to analyse diffused foreign substances in elastomers and thus make reliable statements about a possible chemical attack.<\/p>\n<p>This analytical method is also becoming increasingly important in the detection of substances that are classified as harmful to health or the environment. In our test laboratory, we use GC\/MS methods, for example, to detect organic emissions of non-metallic automotive materials in accordance with VDA 278 or to determine the content of siloxanes in accordance with PV 3055 and PV 3040.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, GC\/MS allows quantitative and qualitative statements to be made on the composition of elastomers and other plastics, to characterise materials, to compare them with each other or to assess newly developed materials. Finally, the data obtained in GC\/MS create a reliable basis for the quality assurance of polymer products.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_4'  class='avia-section av-cm4p64-f5acb73170e121282ff63b7d8a51dc67 main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  img-text-section no-padding-top avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-arv5jg-f428955dd12a6e64973933cc36dc3bf8\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-arv5jg-f428955dd12a6e64973933cc36dc3bf8-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n.flex_column.av-arv5jg-f428955dd12a6e64973933cc36dc3bf8{\nbox-shadow: 0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4);\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:60px 60px 60px 60px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-arv5jg-f428955dd12a6e64973933cc36dc3bf8 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-16  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div shadow-not-animated  '     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-le2v33u2-4673eaad42a776abd4bf41c0f0341f6c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h4>Testing by means of GC\/MS<\/h4>\n<p>All types of GC\/MS are based on the same basic principle: heating \u2013 separating \u2013 analysing.<\/p>\n<p>For the analysis, a sample is heated and converted into gaseous state. The resulting gas mixture passes through a channel, the so-called capillary separation column, and is thereby split into its components for the subsequent analysis. The chromatograms and mass spectra obtained during the analysis allow substances to be detected and the nature of the components to be investigated.<\/p>\n<p>One of the main differences between the available GC\/MS measurement methods is the temperature at which they work. If the temperature is above the decomposition temperature of a polymer matrix, pyrolysis of the material occurs. If temperatures below this decomposition limit are used, the matrix remains intact. In this case, we are dealing with thermodesorption.<\/p>\n<p>When working with polymers, both high and low temperatures can be useful, depending on the objective, in order to achieve the best possible analytical results.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9ef3r0-a3f3f369e7b8b83a1f9d2acd7687a5e9\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-9ef3r0-a3f3f369e7b8b83a1f9d2acd7687a5e9-row {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-9ef3r0-a3f3f369e7b8b83a1f9d2acd7687a5e9-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 25px 0 rgba(164,164,164,0.4); opacity: 1; }\n}\n.flex_column_table.av-equal-height-column-flextable.av-9ef3r0-a3f3f369e7b8b83a1f9d2acd7687a5e9{\nbox-shadow: 0 0 25px 0 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itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-6087 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-6087 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3.jpg\" alt='' title='GC-MS-3'  height=\"840\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3-300x210.jpg 300w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3-1030x721.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3-768x538.jpg 768w, https:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-3-705x494.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_5'  class='avia-section av-klm050jf-11-9a73f19b7a1954f510ef37fcbfa0bf04 alternate_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-20  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  acc avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-13-5d4e23e91b000ecdd219a8b8a4a0a4c3\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-13-5d4e23e91b000ecdd219a8b8a4a0a4c3{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-13-5d4e23e91b000ecdd219a8b8a4a0a4c3 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-21  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  small-intro first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dxsci-8ddd119a74fb0561e6733b74fa9a0fb8\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-dxsci-8ddd119a74fb0561e6733b74fa9a0fb8{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-dxsci-8ddd119a74fb0561e6733b74fa9a0fb8 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-dxsci-8ddd119a74fb0561e6733b74fa9a0fb8 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-dxsci-8ddd119a74fb0561e6733b74fa9a0fb8 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-22  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >GC\/MS methods<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kkxx73rg-12-1a5048d8682b7e08a8a31299d95877bb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock after-headline'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center\">Thus, in our analytics department we examine elastomers and other plastics with the following GC\/MS measuring methods:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1qtfk-10-8f9fe32127c61c8c2debd2dc22ba7138\">\n.flex_column.av-1qtfk-10-8f9fe32127c61c8c2debd2dc22ba7138{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#f4f4f4;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1qtfk-10-8f9fe32127c61c8c2debd2dc22ba7138 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_half  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kocup61e-d3b06c2f799a2a13be9022ac973e2813\">\n#top .togglecontainer.av-kocup61e-d3b06c2f799a2a13be9022ac973e2813 p.toggler{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-kocup61e-d3b06c2f799a2a13be9022ac973e2813 .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-kocup61e-d3b06c2f799a2a13be9022ac973e2813 av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-25  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-24sayq-96110dfc18ab6626bc4909f5c8850b45'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-1' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-1' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-1' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY-GC\/MS)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY-GC\/MS)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY-GC\/MS)\">Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY-GC\/MS)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-1' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-1' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Pyrolysis gas chromatography (PY-GC\/MS)<\/h3>\n<h4>Heating and decomposition<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-featured wp-image-6088\" src=\"http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-4-1200x430.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>Characteristics<\/h5>\n<p>A very frequently used method for polymers is pyrolysis gas chromatography. It can be used to thoroughly examine the material structure and the organic additives contained in a polymer. With PY-GC\/MS, very small sample quantities of only 2 &#8211; 500 \u00b5g are sufficient to obtain meaningful results. It is usually not necessary to prepare the material samples extensively, which means that the effort required for an analysis remains moderate.<\/p>\n<h5>Procedure<\/h5>\n<p>A material sample is heated to 500 &#8211; 1400 \u00b0C, i.e. above the decomposition temperature of the polymer. During this process, a gas mixture is produced that contains both volatile substances and decomposition products of the polymer matrix or additives. This gas mixture is split by means of the capillary separation column and subsequently analysed.<\/p>\n<h5>Specifics<\/h5>\n<p>Due to the small sample quantities and the large number of substances in the gas mixture obtained, PY-GC\/MS sometimes reaches its limits. For example, the measurement results may be highly scattered in the case of very heterogeneous polymers or the chromatograms determined may become confusing due to the abundance of different substances. In these cases, it is helpful to switch to other GC\/MS types or to supplement the investigation with other methods of material analytics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-1ml2y-6c120ac51af171169ed8ed2b73d85f17'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-2' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-2' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-2' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Double Shot Method - The Combination\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Double Shot Method - The Combination\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Double Shot Method - The Combination\">Double Shot Method - The Combination<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-2' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-2' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Double Shot Method<\/h3>\n<h4>The combination of pyrolysis and thermodesporption<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-featured wp-image-6084\" src=\"http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/GC-MS-2-1200x430.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>Characteristics<\/h5>\n<p>In the double-shot method, the two aforementioned methods are combined in order to analyse volatile and higher-boiling polymeric components separately. The same material sample is first subjected to thermodesorption (TD-GC\/MS) and then to pyrolysis (PY-GC\/MS).<\/p>\n<h5>Specifics<\/h5>\n<p>Although the polymer matrix is finally decomposed, the chromatograms of the pyrolysis gas chromatography remain clearer in this way, since the volatile components have already left the material in the first step.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1qtfk-9-faeea6ce0d3ea9a1ca11c268baa80c41\">\n.flex_column.av-1qtfk-9-faeea6ce0d3ea9a1ca11c268baa80c41{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\nbackground-color:#f4f4f4;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1qtfk-9-faeea6ce0d3ea9a1ca11c268baa80c41 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  column-top-margin'     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-kocup61e-8-b1df0564e24b934851304319feb08b30\">\n#top .togglecontainer.av-kocup61e-8-b1df0564e24b934851304319feb08b30 p.toggler{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-kocup61e-8-b1df0564e24b934851304319feb08b30 .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-kocup61e-8-b1df0564e24b934851304319feb08b30 av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-27  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-c3jq-12b5cbe08cb36463a46201cfe09835f8'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-3' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-3' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-3' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Thermodesorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC\/MS)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Thermodesorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC\/MS)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Thermodesorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC\/MS)\">Thermodesorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC\/MS)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-3' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-3' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Thermodesorption Gas Chromatography (TD-GC\/MS)<\/h3>\n<h4>Heating below the decomposition temperature<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6261 size-featured\" src=\"http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/GC-MS-6-1200x430.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>Characterisitcs<\/h5>\n<p>The analysis with thermodesorption gas chromatography takes place at temperatures below the material-dependent decomposition limit of a polymer. In this process, only the volatile components are extracted from the material. They pass over the capillary separation column and accordingly get split into their individual components for analysis. In this way, the gas mixture obtained contains far fewer different substances and the chromatograms determined are correspondingly clearer.<\/p>\n<h5>Specifics<\/h5>\n<p>It is especially tricky to find out the right temperature for TD-GC\/MS at which the undestroyed additives are mobilised and the polymer matrix still remains stable. Furthermore, the selection of the sample quantity is also quite challenging. It depends on the proportion of volatile components contained in the polymer and can vary accordingly. The aim is to analyse enough material so that even small amounts of single substances are detected without, however, overloading the capillary separation column. With unknown materials, it is therefore helpful to first carry out a TGA (Thermogravimetric Analysis) to determine the proportion of volatile components.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-aa9q-a1d89286d418b5631bb0bdbc614c9f91'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-4' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-4' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-4' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"Headspace Technique (HS-GC\/MS)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: Headspace Technique (HS-GC\/MS)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: Headspace Technique (HS-GC\/MS)\">Headspace Technique (HS-GC\/MS)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-4' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-4' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Headspace Technique (HS-GC\/MS)<\/h3>\n<h4>Heating at low temperatures<\/h4>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6265 size-featured\" src=\"http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/GC-MS-7-1200x430.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"430\" \/><\/p>\n<h5>Characterisitcs<\/h5>\n<p>The headspace technique also uses rather low temperatures to protect the polymer matrix. Normally, we work below 150 \u00b0C here. Unlike the aforementioned methods, however, the material sample is kept in a closed vessel during heating, resulting in an equilibrium between solid, liquid and gaseous. The headspace technique has two variants, a static one (S-HS-GC\/MS) and a dynamic one (D-HS-GC\/MS), which differ mainly in the way the resulting gas mixture is removed from the vessel.<\/p>\n<h5>Specifics<\/h5>\n<p>The headspace technique is particularly convincing for materials with low thermal stability and allows for excellent automation. In addition, HS-GC\/MS also supports larger sample quantities of more than 100 mg, which, however, requires somewhat more time and effort for sample preparation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_6'  class='avia-section av-1f6ls-9-83ded8bbcabc20194255d9949472687f main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  small-intro avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vqg8-5-f6e0ef5585fe5ee231e8a1be889e0d09\">\n.flex_column.av-vqg8-5-f6e0ef5585fe5ee231e8a1be889e0d09{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-vqg8-5-f6e0ef5585fe5ee231e8a1be889e0d09 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-29  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-46yaal-66fb9fd1c32cc55bded6a63cdbb65042\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-46yaal-66fb9fd1c32cc55bded6a63cdbb65042{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-46yaal-66fb9fd1c32cc55bded6a63cdbb65042 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-46yaal-66fb9fd1c32cc55bded6a63cdbb65042 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-46yaal-66fb9fd1c32cc55bded6a63cdbb65042 av-special-heading-h4 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Downloads<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-kkxx73rg-1-ded448e9d7fe67b893493153196e512c '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock after-headline'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center\">You will find more detailed information on pyrolysis GC-MS in our examples and technical reports:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_7'  class='avia-section av-klm050jf-3-ffe58c0a406083a35a5ade93bad0715c main_color avia-section-large avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  no-padding-top acc avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-4908'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1efst-8802404aeff588d61c322b982fa0e1c6\">\n.flex_column.av-1efst-8802404aeff588d61c322b982fa0e1c6{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1efst-8802404aeff588d61c322b982fa0e1c6 av_one_half  avia-builder-el-33  el_before_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-km38ga7n-b0bbf760837148d8537bed151671bcb6\">\n#top .togglecontainer.av-km38ga7n-b0bbf760837148d8537bed151671bcb6 p.toggler{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-km38ga7n-b0bbf760837148d8537bed151671bcb6 .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-km38ga7n-b0bbf760837148d8537bed151671bcb6 av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-34  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-6xbcd-01986910244ab40b1169b58b5a01ac33'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-5' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-5' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-5' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"GC\/MS-Analyse an Elastomeren und anderen Polymeren (German)\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: GC\/MS-Analyse an Elastomeren und anderen Polymeren (German)\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: GC\/MS-Analyse an Elastomeren und anderen Polymeren (German)\">GC\/MS-Analyse an Elastomeren und anderen Polymeren (German)<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-5' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-5' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Gas chromatography with coupled mass spectroscopy is an important method for the analysis of polymers. The report describes the different GC\/MS measurement methods and their possible applications.<\/p>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-1xniqw-dd7aa115c9d31e8d41c3af4399d96c17-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-35  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><a href='http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/FB_GC-MS-Analyse-1.pdf'  class='avia-button av-1xniqw-dd7aa115c9d31e8d41c3af4399d96c17 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-7xmljg-4c7687acd92c13343ea896982b14fbfc\">\n.flex_column.av-7xmljg-4c7687acd92c13343ea896982b14fbfc{\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-7xmljg-4c7687acd92c13343ea896982b14fbfc av_one_half  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_one_half  avia-builder-el-last  flex_column_div av-zero-column-padding  '     ><style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5pi2y4-c9c933c3cbaa22883eb169c43e007b72\">\n#top .togglecontainer.av-5pi2y4-c9c933c3cbaa22883eb169c43e007b72 p.toggler{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n#top .togglecontainer.av-5pi2y4-c9c933c3cbaa22883eb169c43e007b72 .toggle_wrap .toggle_content{\nborder-color:#a3c54e;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='togglecontainer av-5pi2y4-c9c933c3cbaa22883eb169c43e007b72 av-elegant-toggle  avia-builder-el-37  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  toggle_close_all' >\n<section class='av_toggle_section av-4erze4-7ecdec8548ca6de4f907c838de30128e'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div role=\"tablist\" class=\"single_toggle\" data-tags=\"{All} \"  ><p id='toggle-toggle-id-6' data-fake-id='#toggle-id-6' class='toggler  av-title-above av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"headline\"  role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='toggle-id-6' data-slide-speed=\"200\" data-title=\"DICHT! Special Edition O-Ring Pr\u00fcflabor Richter\" data-title-open=\"\" data-aria_collapsed=\"Click to expand: DICHT! Special Edition O-Ring Pr\u00fcflabor Richter\" data-aria_expanded=\"Click to collapse: DICHT! Special Edition O-Ring Pr\u00fcflabor Richter\">DICHT! Special Edition O-Ring Pr\u00fcflabor Richter<span class=\"toggle_icon\"><span class=\"vert_icon\"><\/span><span class=\"hor_icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/p><div id='toggle-id-6' aria-labelledby='toggle-toggle-id-6' role='region' class='toggle_wrap  av-title-above'  ><div class='toggle_content invers-color av-inherit-border-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In the DICHT! special edition O-Ring Pr\u00fcflabor Richter you will find a comprehensive overview of common tests and analysis methods in elastomer technology. Discover the collected knowledge about elastomer testing in this issue.<\/p>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-1wht7w-3556116bd77fbde53bd37c64f7b36097-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-38  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '><a href='http:\/\/elastomer-institut.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/FB_GB_DICHT_special_issue.pdf'  class='avia-button av-1wht7w-3556116bd77fbde53bd37c64f7b36097 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-medium avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Download PDF\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue82d' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Download PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Gas chromatography with coupled mass spectrometry (GC\/MS) allows a deeper insight into the composition of elastomers.<br \/>\nIt provides information about the type of plastics, the composition of materials, the additives added or other substances contained.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4169,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"tags":[],"portfolio_entries":[38,31],"class_list":["post-4908","portfolio","type-portfolio","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","portfolio_entries-analytics","portfolio_entries-formulations-and-substances"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - 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